Part C

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.

When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it .We invert excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing. (46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them, the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.

It is painful to read these round about accounts today. We have no land ethic yet, (47) but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.

A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds. (48) Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless” species.

Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale vale to pay as imeber crops (49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.

To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. (50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. Without the uneconomic pats.

關鍵句翻譯

46.科學家們貿然拿出一些看似站不住腳的證據來補救，其大意是：鳥類不能控制害蟲的話，害蟲就會把我們人類吃掉。

47.但是至少我們幾乎承認了這樣一種觀點，那就是不管鳥類的生存對我們是否有經濟利益，它們都有與生俱來的生存權利。

48.曾幾何時，生物學家們總是重申這樣的事實：這些生物通過捕食弱小的生物來維系健康的生物鏈，或者說它們只不過是在捕食無價值的物種。

49.在歐洲，生態林業較為發達，那些無商業價值的樹種被視為天然森林群落的成員，應該得到合理保護。

50.這種體系通常忽視并最終導致很多陸地上物種的滅絕，這些物種往往是沒有商業價值但卻對陸地生態系統的健康運行至關重要。