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Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are comprehensive programs that address the many needs of the homeless.

【重點詞匯】

note [n??t] n. 筆記;記錄;便條

v. 指出;特別提到;注意;留意

comprehensive [?k?mpr??hens?v] adj. 綜合的;全部的;詳盡的

address [??dres] n. 住址;地址

v. 設法解決;處理;演說;演講

homeless [?h??ml?s] adj. 無家可歸的

【句子分析】

主句：Chris Reidy(主語)notes(謂語)that從句(賓語)

That賓語從句：that(引導詞)the situation(主語)will improve(謂語)

Only when條件狀語從句：when(引導詞)there are(there be句型)comprehensive programs(主語)

That定語從句：that(主語)address(謂語)the many needs of the homeless(賓語)

【補充分析】

①Boston Globe reporter為同位語，解釋說明主語Chris Reidy的身份;

②that引導的定語從句的先行詞為programs;

③only為副詞修飾when引導的從句。

【參考譯文】

《波士頓環球日報》記者克里斯·雷迪認為，只有通過全面規劃來解決這些無家可歸者的各種需求，這種局面才有可能得到改善。

This means that our noses are limited to perceiving those smells which float through the air, missing the majority of smells which stick to surfaces.

【重點詞匯】

perceive [p??si?v] v. 感知;認為;意識到;察覺到

float [fl??t] v. 漂浮;浮動;漂流

miss [m?s] v. 思念;懷念;錯過;未察覺

majority [m??d??r?ti] n. 大部分;大多數

stick [st?k] v. 粘貼;粘住

n. 枝條;枯枝

surface [?s??f?s] n. 表面;表層

【句子分析】

主句：This(主語)means(謂語)that從句(賓語)

That賓語從句：that(引導詞)our noses(主語)are limited to perceiving(謂語)those smells(賓語)

Which定語從句1：which(主語)float(謂語)

Which定語從句2：which(主語)stick to(謂語)surfaces(賓語)

【補充分析】

①Which定語從句1的先行詞為smells;

②through the air在Which定語從句1中當狀語;

③missing the majority of smells which stick to surfaces為結果狀語，修飾從句的主句。

【參考譯文】

這就意味著，我們的鼻子只能感知空氣中漂浮的氣味，而遺漏了大多數附著在各種物體表面的氣味。

However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchin monkeys and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.

【重點詞匯】

fairness [?fe?n?s] n. 公正性;公平合理性

evolve [i?v?lv] v. 進化;(使)逐漸形成;逐漸演變

independently [??nd?'pend?ntl?] adj. 相互獨立的;彼此不關聯的

capuchin monkeys ['k?pj??t??n ?m??kiz] n. 卷尾猴;僧帽猴

ancestor [??nsest?(r)] n. 祖宗;祖先

unanswered [?n?ɑ?ns?d] adj. 未解答的;懸而未決的

【句子分析】

主句：whether從句1 or whether從句2(主語)is(系動詞)[as yet] an unanswered question.(表語)

Whether主語從句1：whether(引導詞)such a sense of fairness(主語)evolved [independently](謂語)

Whether主語從句2：or(連詞)whether(引導詞)it(主語)stems from(謂語)the common ancestor(賓語)

That定語從句：that(賓語)the species(主語)had(謂語)

【補充分析】

①本句的主語由兩個whether引導的從句充當;

②in capuchin monkeys and humans為Whether主語從句1當狀語;

③that定語從句的先行詞為ancestor;

④35 million years ago為that定語從句中的時間狀語。

【參考譯文】

但是，這種公平意識是在僧帽猴和人類各自的進化過程中形成的，還是源于3500萬年前他們共同的祖先，至今還無定論。

Theories centering on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior because they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through interaction with others.

【重點詞匯】

engage [?n?ɡe?d?] v. 從事;參加;雇用;聘用

sufficiently [s?'f??(?)ntl?] adv. 足以;十分;充分地

penalize [?bedr?k] v. 處罰;懲罰

misdeed [?m?s?di?d] n. 不端行為;惡行

interaction [??nt?r??k??n] n. 相互作用;相互影響

【句子分析】

主句：Theories(主語)suggest(謂語)that從句(賓語)

That賓語從句1：that(引導詞)children(主語)engage in(謂語)criminal behavior(賓語)

Because原因狀語從句：because(引導詞)they(主語)were not [sufficiently] penalized(謂語)

That賓語從句2：or(連詞)that(引導詞)they(主語)have learned(謂語)criminal behavior(賓語)

【補充分析】

①centering on the individual為現在分詞作后置定語修飾主語Theories;

②for previous misdeeds為because原因狀語從句的原因狀語;

③through interaction with others為賓語從句2中的方式狀語。

【參考譯文】

強調個人因素的理論認為，青少年從事犯罪活動，是因為他們以前的惡劣行為沒有受到應有的懲罰，或者是由于受其他人影響而走上了犯罪道路。

Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.

【重點詞匯】

linguistic [l???ɡw?st?k] adj. 語言的;語言學的

determinism [d??t??m?n?z?m] n. 決定論

imprison [?m?pr?zn] v. 監禁;關押

grammatical [ɡr??m?t?kl] adj. 文法的;語法的;符合語法規則的

far-reaching [?fɑ? ?ri?t???] adj. 影響深遠的;廣泛的

consequence [?k?ns?kw?ns] n. 結果;后果;重要性

【句子分析】

主句：Whorf(主語)came to believe in(謂語)a sort of linguistic determinism(賓語)

Which定語從句：which(主語)states(謂語)that從句1(賓語1)and(連詞)that從句2(賓語2)

That賓語從句1：that(引導詞)language(主語)imprisons(謂語)the mind(賓語)

That賓語從句2：and(連詞)that(引導詞)the grammatical patterns(主語)can produce(謂語)far-reaching consequences(賓語)

【補充分析】

①in its strongest form為插入成分，起到補充信息的作用;

②which定語從句的先行詞為linguistic determinism;

③in language為后置定語，修飾先行詞patterns。

【參考譯文】

沃爾夫進而相信某種類似語言決定論的觀點，其極端說法是：語言禁錮思維，語言的語法結構能對一個社會的文化產生深遠的影響。

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