cks in federal programs for Indians have made their problems【C2】______ more severe in recent years. Josephy reports," 【C3】______ 1981 it was estimated that cutbacks in federal programs for Indians totaled about $ 500 million" or more than ten times the cuts affecting their【C4】______ fellow Americans. Additional cuts seem to be threatened in the future. This reduced funding is affecting almost all【C5】______ of reservation life,【C6】______ education. If the Indians could【C7】______ their【C8】______ problems, solutions to many of their other problems might not-be far behind. In this paper the current status of Indian education will be described and【C9】______ and some ways of improving this education will be proposed.

Whether to【C10】______ with the dominant American culture or to【C11】______ Indian culture has been a longstanding issue in Indian education. After the Civil War full responsibility for Indian education was turned over by the government to churches and missionary groups. The next fifty years became a period of【C12】______ assimilation in all areas of Indian culture, but especially in religion and education .

John Collier, a reformer who agitated【C13】______ Indians and their culture【C14】______ the early 1920s until his death in 1968, had a different idea. He believed that instead of effacing native culture, Indian schools should encourage and【C15】______ it.

Pressure to assimilate remains a potent force today,【C16】______ More and more Indians are graduating from high school and college and becoming【C17】______ for jobs in the non-Indian society. "When Indians obtain the requisite skills, many of them enter the broader American society and succeed." 【C18】______ approximately 90 percent of all Indian children are educated in state public school systems. How well these children compete with the members of the dominant society,【C19】 ______ , is another【C20】______ .

【C1】

A．a(chǎn)greeable

B．regardless

C．familiar

D．sympathetic