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Mental Health and Aging Mental or psychological（psychology)health problems can increase wi

Mental Health and Aging Mental or psychological(psychology)health problems can increase with age. There are various_____（41）(reason).One is biological change which can interfere with the brain's ability to deal with_____（42）(inform).Another is social change such as_____（43）(retire)which can lead to a_____（44）(feel) of uselessness. Mental health problems can have a serious influence on an older person's ability. They may affect their ability to carry out many basic_____（45）(activity)of daily living, from getting up to_____（46）(manage) financial affairs. But problems often go without being_____（47）(solve).Many older people struggle on without the right help—or any help at all. Understanding how mental_____（48）(ill) tends to affect the elderly is vital in_____（49）(help) them to manage their problems_____（50）(effective)and reduce the risk of serious harm. _____.

_____.

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更多“Mental Health and Aging Mental or psychological（psychology)health problems can increase wi”相關(guān)的問題

第1題

Consequently, as adults, maltreated children are at increased risk for behavioural, physical and mental health problems

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第2題

Teachers using red pen to mark students work could be harming their psyche as the color is

too aggressive, according to education strategies drafted by an Australian state government. The "Good Mental Health Rocks" kit, which was distributed this month to about 30 schools in Queensland state, offers strategies such as " Dont mark in red pen(which can be seen as aggressive)—Use a different color. " Other tips include structuring time for peer tutoring every day, apologizing to students when necessary and asking students to conduct a " personal skills audit" where they focus on their individual strengths rather than their weaknesses. The kit, designed to help Queensland teachers address mental health in the classroom, suggests that social and emotional wellbeing has been linked to young peoples schooling, among other things. The education aid has sparked a row in parliament, with deputy opposition leader Mark McArdle calling it "kooky, loony, loopy lefty policies. " But Health Minister Stephen Robertson, whose department devised the kit, said youth suicide was a serious issue. " If mental health professionals determine that as one of a number of strategies teachers should consider, then Ill support them every day of the week," he told reporters recently. "This is not a matter for ridicule, this is serious. " According to some Australian mental health groups, the greatest number of people with mental illness are aged between 18 and 24 years, with 14 percent of Australian children and adolescents suffering from some sort of illness. Boys are slightly more likely to experience mental health problems than girls and depression is one of the most common conditions in young people and increases during adolescence, the website of mental health group Mindframe. said.

Teachers are advised not to mark students work in red pen because______.

A．red color is too eye-catching

B．it may hurt students" feelings

C．it is against the state law

D．colors are too aggressive

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第3題

Health implies more than physical fitness. It also implies mental and emotional well-being

. An angry, frustrated, emotionally 【21】______ person in good physical condition is not 【22】______ healthy. Mental health, therefore, bas much to do 【23】______ how a person copes with the world as she/he exists. Many of the factors that 【24】______ physical health also affect mental and emotional well-being.

Having a good self-image means that people have positive 【25】______ pictures and good, positive feelings about themselves, about what they are capable 【26】______ , and about the roles they play. People with good self-images like themselves, and they are 【27】______ like others. Having a good self-image is based 【28】______ a realistic 【29】______ of one's own worth and value and capabilities.

Stress is an unavoidable, necessary, and potentially healthful 【30】______ of our society. People of all ages 【31】______ stress. Children begin to 【32】______ stress during prenatal development and during childbirth. Examples of stress inducing 【33】______ in the life of a young person are death of a pet, pressure to 【34】______ academically, the divorce of parents, or joining a new youth group. The different ways in which individuals 【35】______ to stress may bring healthful or unhealthy results. One person experiencing a great deal of stress may function exceptionally well 【36】______ another may be unable to function at all. If stressful situations are continually encountered, the individual's physical, social, and mental health are eventually affected.

Satisfying social relations are vital to 【37】______ mental and emotional health. It is believed that in order to, 【38】______ , develop, and maintain effective and fulfilling social relationships people must 【39】______ the ability to know and trust each other, understand each other, influence and help each other. They must also be capable of 【40】______ conflicts in a constructive way.

【21】

A．unstable

B．unsure

C．imprecise

D．impractical

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第4題

The mental health movement in the United States began with a period of considerable enligh

tenment. Dorothea Dix was shocked to find the mentally iii in jails and almshouses and crusaded for the establishment of asylums in which people could receive humane care in hospital-like environments and treatment, which might help restore them to sanity. By the mid-1800s, 20 states had established asylums, but during the late 1800s and early 1900s, in the face of economic depression, legislatures were unable to appropriate sufficient funds for decent care. Asylums became overcrowded and prisonlike. Additionally, patients were more resistant to treatment than the pioneers in the mental health field had anticipated, and security and restraint were needed to protect patients and others. Mental institutions became frightening and depressing places in which the rights of patients were all but forgotten.

These conditions continued until after Word War Ⅱ. At that time, new treatments were discovered for some major mental illnesses therefore considered untreatable (penicillin for syphilis of the brain and insulin treatment for schizophrenia and depressions), and a succession of books, motion pictures, and newspaper exposes called attention to the plight of the mentally ill. Improvements were made, and Dr. David Vail's. Humane practices program is a beacon for today. But changes were slow in coming until the early 1960s. At that time, the Civil Rights Movement led lawyers to investigate America's prisons, which were disproportionately populated by blacks, and they in turn followed prisoners into the only institutions that were worse than the prisons——the hospitals for the criminally insane. The prisons were rifled with angry young men who, encouraged by legal support, were quick to demand their fights. The hospitals for the criminally insane, by contrast, were populated with people who were considered "crazy" and who were often kept obediently in their place through the use of severe bodily restraints and large doses of major tranquilizers. The young cadre of public interest lawyers liked their role in the mental hospitals. The lawyers found a population that was both passive and easy to champion. These were, after all, people who, unlike criminals, had done nothing wrong. And in many states they were being kept in horrendous institutions, an injustice which, once exposed was bound to shock the public and, particularly, the judicial conscience.

Judicial interventions have had some definite positive effects, but there is growing awareness that courts cannot provide the standards and the review mechanisms that assure good patient care. The details of providing day-to-day care simple cannot be mandated by a court so it is time to take from the courts the responsibility for delivery of mental health care and assurance of patient fights and return it to the state mental health administrators to whom the mandate was originally given. Though it is a difficult task, administrators must undertake to write roles and standards and to provide the training and surveillance to assure that treatment is given and patients' rights are respected.

The main purpose of the passage is to ______.

A．discuss the influence of Dorothea Dix on the mental health movement

B．shock the reader with vivid descriptions of asylums

C．increase public awareness of the plight of the mentally ill

D．provide a historical perspective on problems of mental health care

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第5題

Instant Expert: Mental Health When the heart breaks down, it beats irregularly or not at a

Instant Expert: Mental Health

When the heart breaks down, it beats irregularly or not at all. A bone can chip or snap. But when the complex network of neurons in our brain fails to function normally, the result can be a near-endless variety and combinations of mental illnesses.

It's normal to sometimes be sad, happy, anxious, confused, forgetful or fearful, but when a person's emotions, thoughts or behavior. frequently trouble them, or disrupt their lives, they may be suffering from mental illness. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), about 450 million people worldwide are affected by mental, neurological or behavioral problems at any time.

However, determining that someone has a mental illness, and which one, is one of the challenges psychiatrists face. One effort to catalogue these afflictions is the "psychiatrists' bible", the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders--the latest edition fills nearly one thousand pages and lists over 400 disorders.

Diversity of disorders

Among the best known and most common mental illnesses is depression-a prolonged, weakening sad- ness, sometimes accompanied by a feeling of hopelessness and thoughts of suicide. Seasonal affective disorder is a type of depression that affects some people in the autumn and winter and is triggered by the disappearing hours of daylight and colder temperatures. In bipolar disorder (雙極性障礙), a person changes from depression to episodes of excessive enthusiasm where they are unrealistically confident in their abilities.

Personality disorders are behavior. patterns that are destructive to the person themselves or those around them. In dissociative disorders, someone experiences a sudden change in consciousness or their concept of self. In dissociative amnesia, for example, the result is a loss of part or all of their memories. Samson, the Biblical strongman, may have suffered from the earliest recorded case of antisocial personality disorder.

Anxiety disorders are characterized by powerful feelings of stress and physical signs of fear-sweating, a racing heart-due to some cue in the environment, or for no obvious reason at all. These include post-traumatic (創(chuàng)傷后的) stress disorder, panic disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, anger disorders, hypochondria, social phobia, and other phobias including agoraphobia (open spaces), claustrophobia (small spaces), acrophobia (heights), and arachnophobia (spiders).

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is among the most common mental illnesses diagnosed in children, affecting their ability to focus and associated with high levels of activity and impulsiveness.

Eating disorders involve an unhealthy relationship to food. A sufferer of anorexia nervosa (神經(jīng)性厭食癥) will strive for thinness to the point of starvation, due to a distorted perception of their bodies and dissatisfaction in their sense of control. They engage in cycles of gorging(feed greedily) themselves and then purging through vomiting or the use of some drugs. Muscle dysmorphia is sometimes thought of as a "reverse" form. of anorexia that affects bodybuilders. Sufferers constantly worry that they are too weak despite being extremely strong.

Enormous cost

Mental illnesses are quite common. As many as one in five people are thought to suffer from mental illness, at least temporarily, each year. Suicide--often the result of untreated mental illness--claims 873000 lives around the world each year. The economic costs of these conditions are also enormous and growing. According to the WHO, depression is expected to account for more lost years of healthy life than any other disease by 2030, except for HIV/AIDS.

Even so, the mentally ill face disgrace and discrimination. Studies find people are reluctant to admit they have at mental illness, to seek help, or to stick with treatment. Others are eager to reject the label of a mental

A．irregularity of heart

B．snapped bones

C．the malfunction of the neural network in brain

D．the malfunction of the brain

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第6題

College students are more stressed out than ever before—at least according to the latest f

indings of a large, national survey that has been conducted annually for the last 25 years. The survey includes more than 200,000 students【C1】______nearly 300 colleges and asks them to【C2】______how their own mental health【C3】______their classmates —for example, is it "above average" or in the "highest 10%"？ This【C4】______unusual methodology typically results in the statistical Lake Woebegon effect in which most people【C5】______to overestimate themselves in relation to others (it refers to the fictional Lake Woebegon, where "all the women are strong, all the men are good-looking and all the children are above average").【C6】______the most recent results indicate that fewer and fewer freshmen feel like they are in top form. in terms of【C7】______stress. So whats going on？ Obviously, the economy and high unemployment might【C8】______the increase in stress. A much more precise large study recently found that empathy【C9】______college students had declined 40% since 2000—and since caring relationships are【C10】______to mental (and physical) health, a decline in empathy could also produce a decline in mental health and coping. My final point brings us back to my earlier post on a Stanford study that looked at the psychological【C11】______of comparing ourselves to others. It found that the way people are incline to【C12】______their negative emotions while broadcasting their happy ones makes the rest of us feel somehow "less than"—【C13】______all our friends and neighbors have better lives than we【C14】______ This【C15】______, too, might tie into why the new survey, "The American Freshman: National Norms, Fall 2011," found that students are feeling less【C16】______about their level of emotional and mental stability. If all the students around you are desperately trying to【C17】______a happy face—and you【C18】______that face as a true reflection of their【C19】______selves, even as you work to hide your own【C20】______—well, its not surprising that so many students might be getting a bit strained.

【C1】

A．possessing

B．a(chǎn)ttending

C．participating

D．joining

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第7題

James Bush35 West 9 AvenuePensacola, FL23506P: （03) 86661234M: 0651 222555E: james.bush@

James Bush

35 West 9 Avenue

Pensacola, FL23506

P: (03) 86661234

M: 0651 222555

E: james.bush@hotmaill.com.us.

[Date]

Nick C. Brown

Hiring Manger

Saint Louis Mental Health Service

16 Mary Street

River Dale, IL 566077

Dear Mr. Brown,

I wish to apply for the position of Social Worker as advertised on seek.com.au. Please find my resume attached.

For almost two years I have worked as Mental Health Case Manager for Truecare and their Housing and Accommodation Support Initiative. During the time I have proven my ability to work with an interdisciplinary team, and also developed interpersonal skills and strong professional relationships with clients, including individuals, families and community groups. In my work I have acquired a thorough understanding of the Mental Health Act of 2014 in relation to social work.

My duties have included providing psychosocial support to clients, in the form. of one-on-one counselling as well as group therapy; developing and overseeing treatment plans for clients; advising family caregivers; and consulting with doctors, therapists and medical professionals. I was awarded with the New Employee Achievement Award for my work on a difficult case in 2015. My strong verbal and written communication skills have been well utilized in this role and I have also demonstrated solid organizational skills in my case management.

I have a strong desire to make a positive difference in people's lives and I believe I would be an asset to St Paul's Hospital if given the opportunity.

If you require more information please contact me at the phone numbers above. I am available for interviews and hope to hear from you soon.

Yours sincerely

James Bush

1. James has almost two-year experiences of social work.{T; F}

2. James provides psychosocial support to clients, in the form. of group therapy.{T; F}

3. James does not give advice to family caregivers.{T; F}

4. James's strong verbal and written communication skills have been well used in this position.{T; F}

5. James believes he would be a valuable staff to St Paul's Hospital if given the opportunity.{T; F}

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第8題

Changing our Understanding of Health AThe concept of health holds different meanings for d

Changing our Understanding of Health

The concept of health holds different meanings for different people and groups. These meanings of health have also changed over time. This change is no more evident than in Western society to day, when notions of health and health promotion are being challenged and expanded in new ways.

For much of recent Western history. Health has been viewed in the physical sense only. That is, good health has been connected to the smooth mechanical operation of the body, while ill health has been attributed to a breakdown in this machine. Health in this sense has been defined as the absence of disease or illness and is seen in medical terms. According to this view, creating health for people means providing medical care to treat or prevent disease and illness. During this period, there was an emphasis on providing clean water, improved sanitation and housing.

In the late 1940s the World Health Organization challenged this physically and medically oriented view of health. They stated that "health is a complete state of physical, mental and social well-being and is not merely the absence of disease" (WHO, 1946). Health and the person were seen more holistically (mind/body/spirit) and not just in physical terms.

The 1970s was a time of focusing on the prevention of disease and illness by emphasizing the importance of the lifestyle. and behavior. of the individual. Specific behaviors which were seen to increase risk of disease, such as smoking, lack of fitness and unhealthy eating habits, were targeted. Creating health meant providing not only medical health care, but health promotion programs and policies which would help people maintain healthy behaviors and lifestyles. While this individualistic healthy lifestyles approach to health worked for some (the wealthy members of society), people experiencing poverty, unemployment, underemployment or little control over the conditions of their daily lives benefited little from this approach. This was largely because both the healthy lifestyles approach and the medical approach to health largely ignored the social and environmental conditions affecting the health of people.

During the 1980s and 1990s there has been a growing swing away from seeing lifestyle. risks as the root cause of poor health. While lifestyle. factors still remain important, health is being viewed also in terms of the social, economic and environmental contexts in which people live. This broad approach to health is called the socio-ecological view of health. The broad socio-ecological view of health was endorsed at the first International Conference of Health Promotion held in 1986, Ottawa, Canada, where people from 38 countries agreed and declared that:

The fundamental conditions and resources for health are peace, shelter, education, food, a viable income, a stable eco-system, sustainable resources, social justice and equity. Improvement in health requires a secure foundation in these basic requirements. (WHO, 1986)

It is clear from this statement that the creation of health is about much more than encouraging healthy individual behaviors and lifestyles and providing appropriate medical care. Therefore, the creation of health must include addressing issues such as poverty, pollution, urbanization, natural resource depletion, social alienation and poor working conditions. The social, economic and environmental cont

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

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第9題

More than one in ten people who are regularly exposed to organophosphate pesticides（有機(jī)磷

More than one in ten people who are regularly exposed to organophosphate pesticides(有機(jī)磷酸脂農(nóng)藥) will suffer unrecoverable physical and mental damage, a team of psychiatrists warns. The investigators say that theirs is the first serious attempt to estimate the number of people suffering because of chronic low-level exposure to the pesticides.

"This is a worrying high level of illness," says one researcher. The findings by the researcher, who also treats many of the victims, conflict with those of the Britain's government agency monitoring occupational health, which says there is no good evidence to suggest chronic exposure leads to widespread illness. The research team sent questionnaires to 400 farmers selected at random from a phone book. Of 179 who replied, 130 reported that they had been exposed to organophosphates. And 21 farmers complained of enough symptoms to be classed as suffering from organophosphate poisoning. Allowing for bias inherent in the survey method, they suggest that around 10 percent of farmers exposed to the pesticides suffer from poisoning.

The researchers also uncovered a consistent pattern of symptoms ranging from extreme tiredness and speech difficulty to suicidal impulses. Again this contrasts with the government agency's view that there is no clear pattern of symptoms for pesticide poisoning, making a diagnosis difficult.

They believe the real figure for poisoning is much higher, once you include cancers and heart disease linked to the pesticide. Last year, British specialists also found evidence of a link between organophosphates and severe bone abnormalities in eight men. One of the researchers, Anthony Lyons of Queen's Medical centre in Nottingham, says preliminary results from a larger follow-up study suggest the extent of bone damage may be worse than they feared.

All those who suffer from organophosphate poisoning complain of becoming "exquisitely sensitive" to any further exposure. This is bad news for any Gulf War veterans sent back to the Middle East. Many scientists and doctors are convinced that Gulf War Syndrome is at least partly caused by organophosphate pesticides, which were sprayed in tents and on clothes to protect troops from biting insects.

A spokesman for Britain's Ministry of Defense says there are no immediate plans to send ground troops to the Gulf. But the US is moving 5,000 troops into the region. Returning troops "would be more vulnerable to poisoning", says one of the leading US authorities on such poisoning.

In which area do the findings of the researchers have confliction with those Britain's Health and Safety Executive(HSE), the government agency monitoring occupational health？ ______.

A．Whether exposure to organophosphate will do any harm to man

B．Whether chronic exposure to organophosphate would lead to widespread illness

C．Whether it is worthwhile to find out the number of people suffering from organophosphate poisoning

D．Whether organophosphate is a good pesticide

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第10題

A dream is one kind of experience.It seems as real as something that actually happens;

in it the dreamer takes actions and reacts.During dreams the body is asleep but the thinking part of the brain is wide awake.In fact, it is more active than it sometimes is when the body is awake.

One group of researchers decided to see what would happen if they stopped people from dreaming.As soon as the electroencephalograph (腦電圖儀) registered a dream pattern, researchers woke the dreamer.They did this all night for several nights, every time the person started to dream.

The experiment revealed that people who were unable to dream became nervous, easily upset, and hungrier.As soon as they were able to sleep without interruptions they lost their nervousness and became normal again; however, they then had more dreams than usual.It was as if they were catching up on their dreams.

To check these findings, the researchers carried on a control experiment.Again they woke people during the night, but during non-dreaming periods.These people did not change their daytime behavior.And when they were allowed to sleep without interruptions (打斷), the number of their dreams did not increase.

Experiments like these have caused scientists to ask if dreams serve a purpose.Researchers know, for example, that some people who go for days without sleep will suffer from hallucinations (幻覺).Certain people even begin to show signs of mental illness.Some researchers believe that people become this way because they cannot have their usual numbers of dreams.According to this theory dreaming helps people to lead normal lives.

1).This passage is mainly about ________.

A.people’s need for dreams

B.the damage dreams do to people’s health

C.dreams and realities

D.the relationship between dreams and diseases

2).According to the passage, dreams ________ .

A.are considered to be people’s real experiences

B.help cure people of nervousness and mental illness

C.happen in the thinking part of the brain

D.cannot go on as before after the dreamer is woken

3).People who slept with interrupted dreams showed signs of the following sufferings EXCEPT________ .

A.nervousness