mess up 把…弄糟;把…弄亂(或弄臟)

mess with預,介入

neglect one’s meals and sleep廢寢忘食

neglect one’s duties玩忽職守

keep...under (close) observation 對…(密切)監視

fall under sb’s observation 被某人注意到

escape observation未被覺察,不為人所注意

mass observation民意調查

by tradition 按照傳統

true to tradition 名不虛傳地

observe sb. do sth.觀察到某人做某事

observe sb. doing sth.觀察到某人在做某事

pattern oneself after模仿(某人的)樣子

pattern sth. on/upon 仿照…式樣制造某物

penalty kick(足球)罰點球

penalty area 罰球區

on/under penalty of受…處罰

pension sb. off 發給某人養老金令其退休

draw one’s pension 領撫恤金；領養老金

win popularity得人心

lose popularity 失人心

be under pledge of secrecy誓不泄密

make a pledge 誓,宣誓

plug in 給…接通電源，連接

plug away (at)努力地干，堅持不懈地干

a preliminary trial 初審,初試

a preliminary exam預考

preliminary remarks 開場白

press on 加緊進行

press sth. on sb. 把…強加于