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PAPER TWO

Part ffl Cloze (10%)

Directions: Fill in each of the following blanks with ONE word to complete the meaning of the passage. Write your answer on ANSWER SHEET II.

A considerable amount of medical research is aimed at identifying risk factors for disease. The rationale behind this work is that where people are informed of their risk, they will happily change their behavior to lower that risk. 51 this is certainly a reasonable assumption, it turns out that things are not quite that simple and straightforward. First of all, health is not necessarily a top priority in everyone’s life and, for these people, changing behavior in the interests of health may interfere 52 other, more important matters. Second, the benefits to be derived 53 such changes rarely are immediate or obvious. Usually, improvements in health take place over long periods of time and are quite subtle. 54 , we are all so bombarded with information about the thousands of health hazards to which we are exposed 55 most of us “tune out” much of this information. This latter issue is compounded by the fact that much of new information to which we are exposed through the media is exaggerated and, as often as not, is contradicted later by even “newer” information. For these and other reasons, simply knowing about a risk does not necessarily ensure that people will take appropriate steps to 56 it.

57 when people want to change their behavior, this is not easy to do. For example, the overwhelming majority of smokers in this country want to quit, but 58 great effort very few are able to do so. Most smokers acknowledge, at some level, that health hazards associated with smoking and most wish that there were a simple and painless way to stop. 59 the number of people who want to lose weight is very large, but few of these people are able to do it and even 60 are able to maintain such weight losses.

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