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American culture has not been immune to cultural influences from outside. The idea of democracy came from the ancient Greeks ； the Industrial Revolution started in England ； jazz and rock music preserve African rhythms — to pick a few examples. Indeed, many of the things we think of as “100 percent American” came from other cultures. Still, most of the changes in American culture over the last century have eome from within, as the result of inventions and discoveries. And change has been dramatic. One hundred years ago the United States was largely a nation of farmers. Many of the things we take for granted today — a high school education, for example, or indoor plumbing — were luxuries then. The moon was a light for lovers, not a site for scientific exploration ； genetic engineering （基因工程）was not even a subject for science fiction, much less for laboratory research and corporate investments. The decades following the Second World War, in particular, were characterized by spectacular scientific and technological advances, national self-confidence, optimism, and （for many Americans） prosperity. The American economy was the strongest in the world: more goods were produced and sold, more people were working, and the standard of living was higher than ever before. Polls （民意調(diào)查）taken in the 1950’s and 1960’s show that the average American was preoccupied with the questions “will I make a good living?” “Will I be successful?” and “Will I raise successful, happy children?” Success was defined in terms of maintaining a stable family and “keeping up with the Jones”. Most Americans believed that if they played by the rules 一 if they work hard and did what was expected, if they sacrificed their own needs to those of their family and their employer — they would be rewarded with an ever-increasing standard of living, a devoted spouse, and decent children. An expensive car，a suburban home, and children in college were tangible （可觸知的）signs that hard work and selfsacrifice paid off.

54. Which statement is NOT true according to the passage?

A. There is no 100 percent American culture.

B. American culture has never been influenced by other cultures.

C. America borrowed the idea of democracy from the ancient Greeks.

D. Inventions and discoveries caused the changes within American culture.

55. The principal purpose of this passage is to .

A. talk about the American culture in transition

B. criticize the American culture

C. state the absurdity of American culture

D. talk about the inventions and discoveries

56. The American economy has become the strongest in the world mainly because of ,

A. the spectacular scientific and technological advances

B. people’s hard working

C. learning from other cultures

D. the industrial revolution

57. The phrase “keeping up with the Jones” in Paragraph 2 means .

A. working as hard as the Jones B. trying to get whatever Jones has

C. setting up an ideal D. making enough money to support the family

58. In the 1950’s and 1960’s Americans were convinced that .

A. they would succeed sooner or later

B. they would have everything the Jones had

C. they would become successful if they worked hard

D. their children would go to college

59. Can you predict what this article will continue to discuss in the forthcoming paragraph?

A. The influence of African culture. B. The American culture changes in 1970’s.

C. The influence of American culture. D. The development of science and technology.

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