The typical pre-industrial family not only had a good many children, but numerous other dependents as well---grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousins. Such "extended" families were suited for survival in slow paced 1 societies. But such families are hard to 2 . They are immobile.

Industrialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in pursuit of jobs, and to move again whenever necessary. Thus the extended family 3 shed its excess weight and the so-called "nuclear" family emerged---a stripped-down, portable family unit 4 only of parents and a small set of children. This new style family, far more 5 than the traditional extended family, became the standard model in all the industrial counties.

Super-industrialism, however, the next stage of eco-technological development, 6 even higher mobility. Thus we may expect many among the people of the future to carry the streamlining process, a stepfather by remaining children, cutting the family down to its more 7 components, a man and a woman. Two people, perhaps with matched careers, will prove more efficient at navigating through education and social status, through job changes and geographic relocations, than the ordinarily child-cluttered family.

A 8 may be the postponement of children, rather than childlessness. Men and women today are often torn in 9 between a commitment to career and a commitment to children. In the future, many 10 will sidestep this problem by deferring the entire task of raising children until after retirement.

A)transplant B)solution C)gradually D)transport

E)elemental F)conflict G)continually H)mobile

I)couples J)agricultural K)including L)compromise

M)requires N)primary O)consisting

【參考答案及解析】

1. J) 此處應填形容詞，修飾名詞societies。文章第一句就說The typical pre-industrial family...“工業化之前的典型家庭模式......”， 即“extended" family存在于工業化之前的社會，即agricultural society。故J)正確。

2. A) 由be hard to do sth.可知，此處應填動詞原形。They are immobile“這樣的家庭很難流動”，這說明這樣的家庭are hard to...，選項中由transplant和transport兩個動詞原形，前者指的是“遷居，遷移”，后者指的是運輸，不難推斷前者符合原文意思，故 transplant正確。

3. C) 因為這句話的句子結構完整，固此處應填副詞。選項中的副詞有gradually和continually,原文中...and the so-called "nuclear" family emerged.所謂的“核心家庭”便出現了，emerge的意思是“浮現" ，強調經過一個過程后出現的。由此可以判斷，核心家庭從無到有逐漸出現，而不是連續不斷地出現，故選擇gradually

4. O) 該句可拆分理解，即a family unit... of parents and a smell set of children "一個家庭單元......父母和不多的孩子“，由此可以推出這里要填的詞是表示”包含，由......組成“的。選項中的including和 consisting均可以表示此意，但由原文中的of可排除including, consist of為固定詞組，故O)為正確答案。

5. H) 從原文中的more...than可知，此處應填形容詞，構成形容詞的比較級結構。由第一段最后一句可知the traditional extended family是immobile,那么新型的家庭模式比舊的因該是更有流動性，故應選mobile，說明新型的家庭模式的優點。

6. M) 此處應填動詞，作這句話的謂語。Super-industrialism“(更發達的)超級工業化”......更具流動性的家庭。可推知空格處應填表示 “需要，需求”的詞。requires表示出自一種迫切的需要而提出的要求，很明顯選擇requires。

7. E) 此處應填形容詞，用來修飾名詞components。文中說明家庭被減縮到最......的成員，即由男人和女人組成，男人和女人是一個家庭最基本的成員。選項中的elemental“基本的，本質的”，而N)primary“主要的，最早的”，原文強調的是男人和女人是一個家庭最basic的組成部分，故E)更符合原文意思。

8.l) 此處應填名詞。上段說兩人家庭的優點，本句中提到rather than childlessness“而不是不要孩子”，說明晚要孩子是解決工作和孩子的折中的辦法，故選項中的compromise“妥協，折中”符合文意。而 solution雖然也表示解決辦法，但不能表達夫婦們無可奈何的心情，故排除。

9.F) 上題中已提到工作和要孩子之間存在矛盾即conflict，根據上下文意思，這個題相對容易。

10.I) 這段一直在說一個家庭里男人和女人因為工作和要孩子的事情發生爭吵，那么將來要解決這個問題的仍然是家庭中的夫妻兩人，故這里應填couples。