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本期主題：Carmaking: Great wheels from China

題材：經濟類

出處：The Economist《經濟學人》

字數：677 words

[1] If fresh evidence were needed of the importance of China to the global car industry, the Shanghai motor show, which opened on April 18th, provides it. The world’s other big jamborees have been permanently cancelled or downgraded, but China’s showcase has attracted 1,000 exhibitors from many countries with 100 new models on show.

【如果需要新的證據來證明中國對全球汽車行業的重要性，4月18日開幕的上海車展就提供了這一證據。世界上其他大型車展已經被永久取消或降級，但中國的車展已經吸引了來自多個國家的1000家參展商，展出了100款新車型。】

[2] Only a few years ago Chinese cars were poorly designed and shoddily put together. Today they are mostly as good as foreign ones in both respects, and surpass them in the software-driven digital experience that will define car brands in the future. Yet for the world as a whole, the rise of Chinese cars will be more significant still. To curb global warming, it is essential to replace carbon-spewing petrol-powered vehicles with cleaner battery-powered ones. And China is both the world’s biggest market for, and maker of, electric vehicles (EVs).

【就在幾年前，中國汽車的設計還很糟糕，組裝也很粗糙。如今，它們在這兩方面都與外國汽車一樣好，并在軟件驅動的數字體驗方面超過了它們，這將定義未來的汽車品牌。然而，對于整個世界來說，中國汽車的崛起將更加重要。為了遏制全球變暖，用更清潔的電池驅動汽車取代排放碳的汽油驅動汽車至關重要。中國既是世界上最大的電動汽車市場，也是電動汽車的制造商。】

[3] Vehicles powered by internal combustion have been a great success story over the past century, bringing mobility to the masses and fat profits to shareholders. A handful of giant carmakers have made steady improvements to their products and assembled ever more complex supply chains spread across the globe. This has brought greater comfort and safety to passengers, as well as low prices. Competition from Japanese carmakers (which roared into the fast lane in the 1970s) and South Korean firms (which did so in the 1990s) spurred innovation worldwide.

【在過去的一個世紀里，內燃機汽車取得了巨大的成功，為大眾帶來了機動性，為股東帶來了豐厚的利潤。少數幾家大型汽車制造商對其產品進行了穩步改進，并在全球范圍內組裝了越來越復雜的供應鏈。這給乘客帶來了更大的舒適度和安全性，同時價格也很低。來自日本汽車制造商（20世紀70年代進入快車道）和韓國公司（20世紀90年代進入快車道）的競爭刺激了全球的創新。】

[4] Today the industry, with nearly $3trn in annual global revenues, is experiencing its most radical upheaval yet. Established carmakers are scrambling to electrify, improve their software and prepare for autonomous driving.

【如今，這個全球年收入近3萬億美元的行業正在經歷迄今為止最劇烈的動蕩。老牌汽車制造商正爭先恐后地實現電動化，改進軟件，為自動駕駛做準備。】

[5] The disruption is in part a result of Tesla’s success, both as a maker of EVs and as a firm that puts technology at the heart of its business. But it is also caused by greater competition in China, where local firms, supported by state subsidies, are winning market share from Western rivals. BYD and Changan, the country’s two biggest homegrown firms, now have a domestic market share of 18%, and sell around 4m cars a year. China’s carmakers are especially innovative when it comes to infotainment and the seamless integration of smartphones. A healthy head start and huge scale, meanwhile, have helped BYD become a leader in EVs at the cheap end of the market. All told, the competition is leaving Japanese firms, once leaders, in the dust.

【這一中斷在一定程度上是特斯拉成功的結果，無論是作為電動汽車制造商，還是作為一家將技術置于業務核心的公司。但這也是由中國更大的競爭造成的，在中國，當地公司在國家補貼的支持下，正在從西方競爭對手那里贏得市場份額。比亞迪和長安是中國最大的兩家本土公司，目前在國內的市場份額為18%，每年銷售約400萬輛汽車。在信息娛樂和智能手機的無縫集成方面，中國的汽車制造商尤其具有創新性。與此同時，良好的領先優勢和巨大的規模幫助比亞迪在廉價市場成為電動汽車的領導者。總的來說，這場競爭正在讓曾經的領導者日本公司灰飛煙滅。】

[6] The world’s drivers stand to gain from cheaper and greener cars. But can the race for market dominance continue? China’s emergence as an EV superpower is taking place just as the geopolitical climate worsens, and protectionism is finding greater favour in the West.

【世界上的司機將從更便宜、更環保的汽車中獲益。但爭奪市場支配地位的競爭能否繼續？中國成為電動汽車超級大國之際，地緣政治氣候正在惡化，貿易保護主義在西方越來越受歡迎。】