賓語從句

1.定義

賓語從句，是名詞性從句的一種。在主從復合句中充當賓語，位于及物動詞、介詞或復合謂語之后的從句稱為賓語從句。例如：

Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one o’clock.

看了看表，他注意到是一點鐘。

I was wondering whether I should bring my girlfriend to the gathering.

我在考慮聚會時是否應該帶女朋友過去。

I wonder why he deserted his enviable well-paid position.

我不明白他為什么要辭掉那個令人羨慕的高薪職位。

2.類型

(1)動詞的賓語從句

A. that引導（that通常可以省略）

He admitted that he had cheated.

他承認他作弊了。

The boy dreamed that he was flying to the outer space.

那個男孩夢見他正在飛往外太空。

B. wh-引導

She did not know what had happened.

她不知道發生了什么。

Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.

沒人知道他是否會通過考試。

(2)介詞的賓語從句

Whether he can succeed depends on how well he operates.

他是否能夠成功取決于他的操作水平。

He was not conscious of what a big mistake he had made.

他沒有意識到他犯了一個大錯。

(3)形容詞的賓語從句

We are fully convinced that John was the winner of the speech contest.

我們完全相信約翰是此次演講比賽的獲勝者。

I am afraid that you’ve misunderstood your boss.

我擔心你誤解了你的老板。

(4)it可以作為形式賓語

We all thought it a pity that the conference has been cancelled.

會議被取消了，大家都覺得遺憾。

I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.

我認為每天多喝開水是有必要的。

3.考博真題

But it is useless to try to discourage someone, { [who feels that he must act], (though the chances of his becoming famous are slim ) }. (首都師范大學，2015 ) 

這是一個主從復合句。

原句中的各個子句，子句類型以及連接詞如下：

主句：it is useless to try to discourage someone

【譯文】試圖去阻止…的年輕人是徒勞的

分句一：who feels that he must act

類型：定語從句；連接詞：who

分句二：that he must act

類型：賓語從句；連接詞：that

分句三：though the chances of his becoming famous are slim

類型：讓步狀語從句；連接詞：though

【譯文】即使成名的機會很渺茫 

【全句譯文】：試圖去阻止那些在成名的機會很渺茫的情況下仍然想要當演員的年輕人是徒勞的。

In their first test, the researchers looked at {what would happen [if the company stopped buying ads next to its own name, (which seedmed like the most obvious waste of money)]}. (中國傳媒大學，2016年翻譯)

這是一個主從復合句。

原句中的各個子句，子句類型以及連接詞如下：

主句：the researchers looked at…

【譯文】研究人員研究了…

分句一：what would happen…

類型：賓語從句；連接詞：what

分句二：if the company stopped buying ads next to its own name…

類型：條件狀語從句；連接詞：if

【譯文】如果該公司停止以自己的名義購買廣告

分句三：which seemed like the most obvious waste of money

類型：非限制性定語從句；連接詞：which

【譯文】這種購買廣告的行為似乎明顯浪費資金 

【全句譯文】：在第一次測試中，研究人員研究了如果該公司停止以自己的名義購買廣告將會發生什么，這種購買廣告的行為似乎明顯浪費資金。

Wright is one of a number of researchers {wondering [whether we can trust the robots (that are poised to enter our lives)]}. (中科院，2016年閱讀)

這是一個主從復合句。

原句中的各個子句，子句類型以及連接詞如下：

主句：Wright is one of a number of researchers

【譯文】萊特是科學家之一

分句一：whether we can trust the robots…

類型：賓語從句；連接詞：whether

【譯文】是否我們可以信賴機器人

分句二：that are poised to enter our lives

類型：定語從句；連接詞：that

【譯文】準備好進入我們生活的

其他修飾成分：wondering…是現在分詞作后置定語修飾researchers 

【全句譯文】：萊特是一些想知曉是否我們可以信賴準備好進入我們生活的機器人的科學家之一。