本期精選2025年《Discover Magazine》的一篇文章，助力考生們攻克考博英語閱讀理解。

本期題材：食品健康&科普

雜志簡介：

Discover Magazine《發現》，是一本創刊于1980年的美國著名大眾科學（Popular Science）期刊。緊跟科學前沿，報道最新的科研發現、技術突破和科學爭議，讓讀者了解“科學正在發生什么”。對于準備醫學、理工科或其他專業博士入學英語考試（尤其是閱讀和寫作部分）的考生來說，定期閱讀《Discover》雜志具有顯著的幫助。

本期內容

Wood vs. Plastic Cutting Boards: Which One Is Cleaner and Healthier?

一、閱讀全文

【1】Dean Cliver, an expert in food microbiology at the University of California Davis, was the OG of cutting-board research. In the early 1990s, Cliver, who died in 2011, and his colleagues set out to discover how home cooks could clean their wooden cutting boards so that wooden boards would be as safe to use as the plastic variety.

【2】But the results of their experiments showed that the plastic boards weren’t necessarily safer than the wooden ones. Or to be more precise, under the same experimental conditions, the wooden boards harbored fewer bacteria than the plastic ones. (Science is like that. You don’t always find what you’re expecting. And if you do always find what you’re expecting, you might want to re-think your approach.)

【3】Plastic boards are easier to sanitize. But wood has some properties that plastic doesn’t. For one thing, the woods commonly used in cutting boards are harder than plastic, so they’re less likely to end up with lots of grooves and gouges that can provide cozy homes for colonies of bacteria.

【4】But, perhaps the most intriguing finding concerns a feature of wood you might think was a downside: Wood is porous. In a study published in 1994, Cliver and colleagues found that when the researchers inoculated the wooden boards with bacteria, it was difficult to recover the bacteria. That’s because it was no longer on the surface of the wood. The bacteria had been drawn into the interior of the wood.

【5】The authors of a 2023 study explain how this happens: When cutting boards are washed, the wood soaks up the water, along with any remaining bacteria, leaving the surface of the wood clean. The bacteria, trapped inside the board, eventually die.

【6】Though all types of wood tested had some antibacterial effect, some woods (red oak and white oak) were better at removing Listeria, while others (European beech) were better at removing Salmonella, according to the 2023 study.

【7】That research also found that the finish on the wood matters. Cutting boards treated with linseed oil or mineral oil did not absorb the bacteria as well as untreated boards, at least for 24 hours, leaving more bacteria on the surface. The authors recommend passing on those wood treatment products often sold alongside wooden cutting boards and chopping blocks.

【8】One concern about plastic boards is that tiny bits of plastic — microplastics — can chip off the board when you’re chopping your chops or slicing your carrots and get into your food.

【9】Although there hasn’t been a lot of research in this area, several studies have raised concerns. For example, one recent study found that plastic cutting boards can be a substantial source of microplastics in food. Until more research is done, however, we won’t know if this could impact health.

【10】So, which is best, plastic or wood? Barring more research on microplastic contamination, either is fine, say most experts. The issue is not so much which type of cutting board you use but how you use and care for it, explains Janet Buffer, food-safety expert at George Washington University’s Milken Institute School of Public Health.

【11】No matter what your cutting board is made of, you need to be scrupulous about cleaning it, she says. That means washing the board in hot soapy water after every use. (For plastic boards, this can be done in the dishwasher, but the high heat of dishwashers warps and cracks wooden boards.) Once the board has been thoroughly scrubbed, give it a sanitizing rinse. Buffer recommends a mild solution of one teaspoon of bleach to two cups of water.

【12】Another best practice, according to Buffer, is to use separate boards for veggies and meats. And vegetarians take note: You need to be just as careful as carnivores when it comes to cleanliness. Buffer points out that produce, especially leafy greens, has been implicated in outbreaks of food-borne illness.

【13】“So even after you've handled produce, wash, rinse, and sanitize your cutting board after use,” she says.

二、開始做題

1. What did Dean Cliver and his colleagues initially aim to discover in their 1990s research?

A. Why wooden cutting boards were more popular than plastic ones.

B. How home cooks could sanitize wooden boards to match plastic boards’ safety.

C. Whether plastic boards were inherently more resistant to bacteria than wooden ones.

D. The impact of different wood types on bacterial growth.

2. What significant impact does the finish on the surface of wood have on the antibacterial effect?

A. Treated wood absorbed bacteria more effectively than untreated wood.

B. Treated wood reduced bacterial absorption by 50% compared to untreated wood.

C. Treated woodinitially retained more bacteria on its surface than untreated wood.

D. Treated wood had no significant impact on bacterial absorption.

3. What is the main conclusion of the article regarding the choice between wood and plastic cutting boards?

A. Wood is always safer because it naturally kills bacteria.

B. Plastic is superior due to its ease of dishwasher cleaning.

C. Both materials are equally safe if used and cleaned properly.

D. Microplastics from plastic boards make wood the only safe option.

答案+解析

1.【答案】B

【考查點】細節事實題。

【解題思路】根據題干關鍵詞Dean Cliver and his colleagues定位到第一段第二句In the early 1990s, Cliver,… and his colleagues set out to discover how home cooks could clean their wooden cutting boards so that wooden boards would be as safe to use as the plastic variety.（在上世紀90年代初，克里弗及其團隊著手探索：家庭廚師如何清潔木制砧板，才能使其安全性與塑料砧板不相上下。）選項B與原文意思相符，故正確。選項A、C、D與第一段的研究目標皆不相符，故排除。

2.【答案】C

【考查點】細節事實題。

【解題思路】根據題干關鍵詞the finish on the surface of wood定位到第七段第一句，由后文Cutting boards treated with linseed oil or mineral oil did not absorb the bacteria as well as untreated boards, at least for 24 hours, leaving more bacteria on the surface.（經亞麻籽油或礦物油處理過的木制砧板，在至少24小時內對細菌的吸附能力明顯弱于未處理砧板，導致更多細菌殘留于表面。）可知，經過涂層處理的木板在初期表面會殘留更多細菌。選項C與文中所述內容相符，故正確。選項A與原文的treated wood absorbed bacteria less well（處理后的木材吸收細菌的能力較差）意思相反，故排除；選項B在文中未提及，故排除；選項D與原文所表達的意思相矛盾，故排除。

3.【答案】C

【考查點】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】由文章第十段第二、三句Barring more research on microplastic contamination, either is fine, say most experts. The issue is not so much which type of cutting board you use but how you use and care for it…（大多數專家表示，除非有更多關于微塑料污染的研究，否則兩者都可以選用。問題的關鍵不在于砧板的材質，而在于你如何使用與護理它。）可知，作者的核心結論是：只要正確使用和清潔，兩種材質的砧板安全性相當。選項C與原文所表達的意思相符，故正確。選項A忽略了清潔方式的影響，故排除；選項B與原文“多數專家認為兩者均可選用”相矛盾，故排除；選項D夸大了微塑料的風險，且原文明確表示了“兩種材質均可選用”，故排除。

三、重點詞匯+長難句

【全文共22個重點詞匯，看到不熟悉的詞匯，記得劃線哦！】

harbor /?hɑ?b?(r)/ v. 居住，生存

sanitize /?s?n?ta?z/ vt. 給……消毒

groove /ɡru?v/ n. 凹槽

gouge /ɡa?d?/ n. 溝；圓鑿

intriguing /?n?tri?ɡ??/ adj. 非常有趣的，引人入勝的

porous /?p??r?s/ adj. 多孔滲水的

inoculate /??n?kjule?t/ v. 給……接種

antibacterial /??ntib?k?t??ri?l/ adj. 抗菌的，滅菌的

oak /??k/ n. 橡木，櫟木

linseed /?l?nsi?d/ n. 亞麻籽

mineral /?m?n?r?l/ n. 礦物質；礦物

chop /t??p/ n.（羊或豬）排

substantial /s?b?st?n?(?)l/ adj. 重要的

Barring /?bɑ?r??/ prep. 除非

contamination /k?n?t?m??ne??(?)n/ n. 污染

scrupulous /?skru?pj?l?s/ adj. 細致的，一絲不茍的

warp /w??p/ v.（使）扭曲，（使）變形

scrub /skr?b/ v. 擦洗；刷洗

rinse /r?ns/ v. 沖洗，洗涮

bleach /bli?t?/ n. 漂白劑，消毒劑

carnivores /ka:niv?:z/ n. 食肉動物；肉食者

implicate /??mpl?ke?t/ v. 表明（或意指）……是起因